544 Mostly Medieval Jerzy Nykiel Jerzy Nykiel is an assistant professor at the Department of Foreign Languages, University of Bergen, Norway. He was awarded a PhD degree from the University of Silesia in 2007. Up till 2014 he worked as an assistant professor at the University of Silesia. In 2012/2013, he spent a year at the Arizona State University, USA, as a Fulbright visiting researcher. His early research interests revolved around paths of development of modal verbs in English and 2010 saw the publication of his book Expressing Obligation in Old English (published by the University of Silesia). Since then he has authored and co-authored a number of publications on the grammaticalization of English adverbial subordinators, grammaticalization cycles, as well as on the development of the reduced variant of the definite article in the history of English. Dawid Pietrala Currently employed in the Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland. Dawid Pietrala defended his doctoral dissertation in 2015. He is the co-author of two innovative primary school and kindergarten curricula – E-teacher of science, and Tablit – an innovative kindergarten curriculum. He specializes in English linguistics (phonetics and phonology), building software tools which enhance linguistic analysis, new methods of teaching and learning, as well as academic entrepreneurship. Joanna Rabęda Joanna Rabęda is an MA student at the Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland. She completed her BA in English (teaching specialization) and is currently majoring in language and communication in the media. Her interests include (historical) sociolinguistics, media discourse, and teaching/learning languages. At present, she is conducting an MA research on the presentation of women in Walt Disney’s animated films. Hans Sauer Hans Sauer is professor emeritus of English Philology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) in Munich, Germany. He has also taught at many other universities, e.g. for several years at the Gallus Academy in Katowice, Poland, at the Vistula University in Warsaw, Poland, and at Würzburg University, Germany. His research interests and publications include editions and studies of medieval English texts, e.g. Beowulf, furthermore word-formation, glosses, glossaries and lexicography, plant names, interjections and
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