242 Mostly Medieval Wąsik (1993: 21) who first proposed and introduced the notion of language ecology into Polish linguistics. He presented and developed his own matrix model of language ecology based on Haugen’s prototype. He realized, however, that the number of criteria which take into account the general approach depend on various cognitive perspectives. Thus, in order to expand and enrich the ecological matrix, Wąsik (1993: 21) postulated employing knowledge about other heteronomies of language: semiology and communicology, history, anthropology, psychology and sociology. His model is an outline proposal of what might be incorporated into the matrix. 6. Concluding remarks The nature of language change is one of the most captivating and extensively researched topic in linguistics. In the times of the death of the distance languages “meet” frequently what combined with the dynamic nature of language brings about many changes inside numerous language varieties. The changes occurring in a language may be studied from different perspectives—one can investigate languages by following trends in lexis and grammar of any given language (Puech & Saade 2016); observe and examine changes occurring in countries where there is more than one official language, e.g. Jamaica, Malta, etc. Linguistic changes are determined by multiple factors sociological, cultural, political and psychological. There are many mechanisms that take place during a linguistic change. Thus, there are many different perspectives that are necessary to fully model the causes of language change. References Arends, Jacques (2005) “Pidgin and Creoles.” [In:] Philip Strazny (ed.) Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Fitzroy Dearborn; 847–850. Bauman, Richard (1980) Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Bickerton, Derek (1981) Roots of Language. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Publishers. Bisang, Walter (2006) “Contact-Induced Convergence: Typology and Areality.” [In:] Keith Brown, Anne Anderson et al. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford, UK | Boston, MA: Elsevier; 88–100.
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