TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Recordings .......................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................... ix List of Selected IPA Symbols . ........................................................................ x INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1. Physiological Foundations of Speech (Material to Dysarthria) ........... 3 1.1. Physiological foundations of speech .................................................... 3 1.2. Vocalization and production of speech sounds . ................................... 4 1.3. Prosodic elements .............................................................................. 6 1.3.1. Phoneme length ...................................................................... 6 1.3.2. Word and sentence stress ......................................................... 7 1.3.3. Intonation patterns . ................................................................ 9 1.4. The role of the brain and cerebellum in executive aspects of speech production ......................................................................................... 11 2. Dysarthria: Changes in the Clinical Picture of Speech ........................ 13 2.1. Phonetic distortions ........................................................................... 16 2.2. Prosodic distortions ............................................................................ 24 2.2.1. Phonation disorders ................................................................. 25 2.2.2. Intonation and stress disorders ................................................. 26 2.2.3. Fluency disorders ..................................................................... 27 2.3. Dynamics of change in the clinical picture of speech . ......................... 28 3. Dysarthria vs. Other Organic Speech Disorders in Adults .................. 30 3.1. Dysarthria vs. aphasia ........................................................................ 30 3.2. Dysarthria vs. tongue apraxia . ........................................................... 32 3.3. Dysarthria vs. anarthria ..................................................................... 32 3.4. Dysarthria vs. dementia ..................................................................... 32 4. Diagnosing Dysarthria ........................................................................... 34 4.1. A New Speech Assessment Method of dysarthria diagnosis: diagnostic process ............................................................................................... 36 4.1.1. Articulation ............................................................................. 36 4.1.2. Consonant and vowel length . .................................................. 39 4.1.3. Intonation ............................................................................... 40 4.2. Patient interview . .............................................................................. 42 4.2.1. Fine motor control ................................................................... 43
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