115 Index articulated l ~ 30, 45–47, 58, 60, 99 articulated m ~ 45, 60, 100 broad-narrow tongue ~ 43, 91, 97 category-based test, additional 48 jaw opening–closing ~ 44, 98 lateral jaw movement ~ 44, 98 lip clenching ~ 44, 98 lip-clenching spatula ~ 44, 98 lip purse and smack ~ 44, 92, 98 lip purse–stretch out ~ 92, 98 prolonged a in isolation ~ 44, 46, 69, 92, 100 prolonged a in isolation ~ prolonged s in isolation ~ 45, 98 question-formulation ~ 40, 47, 53, 63, 69, 92, 100 repeated s in isolation ~ 45, 98, 100 sentence-copying ~ 47, 85, 102 sentence-reading ~ 40–42, 46, 63, 69, 83, 100 sentence-repetition ~ 40–41, 47, 69, 100 single exhalation count ~ 44, 69, 92, 98 teeth baring ~ 98 tongue chin-to-upper-lip ~ 43, 97 tongue clack-clock sound ~ 43, 92, 98 tongue outward-cheek-press ~ 43, 91, 98 tongue-to-each-tooth ~ 43, 98 tongue to mouth corners ~ 54 verbal fluency test 102 verbal fluency test, additional 48 vermilion-border-lick ~ 43, 98 temporalparietaloccipital lobe 32 tension 14, 53 thoracic cage 4 toad face. See TASKS, cheek puff ~ tone disorder 24 TONGUE 1, 19–20, 28, 36, 52–53 ~ ability 91 ~ atrophy 51 back of ~ 22, 37 ~ blade 36, 52 ~ body 20, 43, 45 ~ changes 52 ~ click 43 ~ efficacy 2 ~ function 1, 40, 52 horizontal movement of ~ 22 involuntary movement of ~ 71 ~ lifting 43 ~ mobility 35 ~ movement 11, 13, 19, 21–22, 24 ~ muscles 13, 43 ~ position 21 protruding ~ 43 pulling back ~ 38 ~ raising 21–22, 45 retracting ~ 22, 38 ~ shortened 50 slowed movement of ~ 86 ~ stiffness 43 ~ tip 43 tongue depressor 42, 44 trachea 4, 13–14 traumatic brain injury (TBI) 31 tremor 24, 43–44, 70–71, 76, 81, 97 tumor 32 U ultrasound glottography 34 utterance ~ execution 3 interrogative ~ 30, 47 ~ planning 3 uvula 11, 22–23 V velum 21–22, 86 vermilion border 43 videofluoroscopy 34 vocal fold 5, 11, 14, 25, 35, 52 vibrations 5, 34 vocalization 5, 14 voice ~ distortions 52, 80 flat sound 4 fundamental frequency of ~ 13 hoarseness of ~ 4, 50, 52
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