110 Diagnosing Dysarthria in Adults BT. See Blending Theory bulbar dysarthria. See dysarthria, flaccid bulbar palsy 24, 51 C caudate nucleus 12, 70 cavity lateral nasal ~ 5 nasal ~ 4, 11, 13–14, 23, 46 oral ~ 4, 5, 11, 13, 22, 24, 38–39, 46 central nervous system 13, 80 cerebellum 11–12, 14–15, 25, 80–81, 83–84 Charcot disease. See amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) chest tumor 14 closure 6, 22, 37, 38, 45 back ~ 38 bilabial ~ 18 diminished ~ 17–18 incomplete ~ 17 partial ~ 38 short ~ 18 cognitive function 48 comprehension 4, 16, 27, 29–31 computed tomography (CT) 34 consonant bilabial voiced stop 11, 14, 24, 36, 38, 45, 50, 52, 100 d, alveolar 14 d, dental/alveolar/dento-alveolar voiced stop 21, 24 f, labiodental voiceless fricative 24, 50 g, velar voiced stop 22, 36, 38 h, glottal voiceless fricative 22, 38 k, velar voiceless stop 22, 36–38, 45 labiodental ~ 11, 24, 50, 52 l, lateral voiced approximant 21–22, 36–37, 98 m, bilabial voiced nasal 14, 23–24, 36, 38, 45, 50, 100 n, voiced alveolar nasal 14, 23–24 palatal ~ 20–21 p, bilabial voiceless stop 24 post-alveolar ~ 21 r, alveolar voiced trill 19, 37, 39, 50 s, alveolar voiceless fricative 24, 36, 50 s, dento-alveolar voiceless fricative 36, 45 s, prolonged 45, 98 s-s-s, repeated in isolation 45 t, dental/alveolar/dento-alveolar voiceless 21, 24 ŋ, velar voiced nasal 23 v, labiodental voiced fricative 50 x, velar voiceless fricative 22, 36, 38 z, alveolar voiced fricative 45 cortical region 13 corticobulbar tract 11, 13 cranial nerves 11–13, 51, 80 D Darley’s classification of dysarthria 50 declarative utterance 40–41 dementia 4, 19, 29, 32–33, 41, 48, 52, 69–70, 76, 86 alcohol-induced ~ 32 Alzheimer disease 32 subcortical ~ 32, 86 vascular ~ 32 ~ with Lewy bodies 32 devoicing partial ~ 17 diadochokinesis 44 diagnosis objective methods 34 subjective methods 35 diaphragm 4 digital glottography 34 dysarthria 1–4, 6–7, 13–19, 22, 24, 28, 30–34, 47, 94 ataxic ~ 15, 25, 27, 41, 83, 84–85, 91–92 cerebellar ~ 84 classification of ~ 15 clinical picture of ~ 49 diagnosing ~ 35–36, 39, 42, 47–49, 93–94 diagnosis 2 early ~ 77
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