1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 1 1.1. Research objectives. ............................................................................ 1 1.1.1. Subject matter............................................................................ 2 1.1.2. Research perspective................................................................... 2 1.1.3. Research material........................................................................ 3 1.2. Structure of Jamaica talk. ................................................................... 5 1.3. Jamaica before the English invasion.................................................... 8 1.4. The English invasion – the sociolinguistic situation............................. 10 2. OVERALL FRAMEWORK OF CONTACT PHENOMENA................... 12 2.1. On the general causes of language change. ......................................... 15 2.2. Language loss/death mechanisms........................................................ 20 2.2.1. Mechanisms of language loss. ..................................................... 22 2.2.2. Language loss in the colonial period............................................ 23 2.3. Contact linguistics.............................................................................. 26 2.3.1. On the ecology of languages in contact....................................... 30 2.3.2. E thnography of communication of the Jamaican Creole speech community............................................................................... 34 3. PIDGIN AND CREOLE LANGUAGES................................................. 38 3.1. On the etymology of the word pidgin................................................. 40 3.2. Definitions of the term pidgin............................................................. 41 3.3. On the typology of pidgins................................................................. 48 3.3.1. Characteristic features of pidgins................................................. 52 3.3.2. On the notion of pidgin simplification. ....................................... 58 3.4. External factors involved in the genesis of pidgin and creole languages. 62 3.4.1. On the origins of pidgins............................................................ 63 4. DEFINITIONS OF CREOLE LANGUAGES.......................................... 80 4.1. On the etymology of the word creole.................................................. 82 4.2. Suggested conditions of linguistic creolization..................................... 83 4.2.1. Socio-historical creole typology................................................... 83
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